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The science

The science

Bile is the part of digestion nobody explains until it stops working. These pages set out what is known, where it comes from, and how confident anyone should be about it.

Every article below cites its sources and says plainly where the evidence is thin. Nothing here is medical advice, and nothing here is a claim about what this or any supplement will do for you — speak to your GP or pharmacist about your own case.

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